Английский язык с Конан Дойлем. Этюд в багровых тонах
Шрифт:
"That is true (это верно)," said I.
consequence ['knskwns], instructive [n'strktv], intrinsic [n'trnsk]
"What you do in this world is a matter of no consequence," returned my companion, bitterly. "The question is, what can you make people believe that you have done. Never mind," he continued, more brightly, after a pause. "I would not have missed the investigation for anything. There has been no better case within my recollection. Simple as it was, there were several most instructive points about it."
"Simple!" I ejaculated.
"Well, really, it can hardly be described as otherwise," said Sherlock Holmes, smiling at my surprise. "The proof of its intrinsic simplicity is, that without any help save a few very ordinary deductions I was able to lay my hand upon the criminal within three days."
"That is true," said I.
"I have already explained to you (я уже объяснял вам) that what is out of the common is usually a guide rather than a hindrance (что то, что выходит за рамки обыденного, обычно является скорее подсказкой, чем помехой; guide — путеводитель; ориентир). In solving a problem of this sort (решая подобную задачу), the grand thing is to be able to reason backwards (важно суметь построить
"I confess," said I, "that I do not quite follow you (признаюсь, — сказал я, — что не вполне вас понимаю)."
"I hardly expected that you would (едва ли я ожидал, что вы поймете). Let me see if I can make it clearer (давайте посмотрим, смогу ли я объяснить доступнее: «смогу ли я сделать это яснее»). Most people, if you describe a train of events to them (большинство людей, если вы опишите им последовательность событий), will tell you what the result would be (скажут вам, каков будет результат). They can put those events together in their minds (они могут умственно сопоставить эти события), and argue from them that something will come to pass (и на основании этого сделать вывод, что что-то произойдет; to come to pass — случаться, происходить). There are few people, however (однако мало найдется таких), who, if you told them a result (которые, если вы скажете им результат), would be able to evolve from their own inner consciousness (смогут воссоздать внутри себя: «по их внутреннему осознанию»; to evolve — развертывать; развивать, выводить; consciousness — понимание, осознание) what the steps were which led up to that result (каковы были те шаги, которые привели к такому результату). This power is what I mean when I talk of reasoning backwards, or analytically (эту способность я и имею в виду, когда я говорю о ретроспективном, или аналитическом мышлении; reasoning — рассуждение, умозаключение)."
neglect [n'lekt], synthetically [sn'etkl], consciousness ['knsns]
"I have already explained to you that what is out of the common is usually a guide rather than a hindrance. In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backwards. That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practise it much. In the every-day affairs of life it is more useful to reason forwards, and so the other comes to be neglected. There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can reason analytically."
"I confess," said I, "that I do not quite follow you."
"I hardly expected that you would. Let me see if I can make it clearer. Most people, if you describe a train of events to them, will tell you what the result would be. They can put those events together in their minds, and argue from them that something will come to pass. There are few people, however, who, if you told them a result, would be able to evolve from their own inner consciousness what the steps were which led up to that result. This power is what I mean when I talk of reasoning backwards, or analytically."
"I understand (понимаю)," said I.
"Now this was a case in which you were given the result (а это был такой случай, в котором вам был дан результат) and had to find everything else for yourself (а все остальное вам пришлось находить самому). Now let me endeavour to show you the different steps in my reasoning (теперь позвольте мне попробовать показать вам отдельные этапы: «шаги» моих рассуждений; different — другой, отличный; разный). To begin at the beginning (начнем с начала). I approached the house, as you know, on foot (я подошел к дому, как вы знаете, пешком), and with my mind entirely free from all impressions (с умом, абсолютно свободным от всех предвзятых идей; impression — впечатление; представление, понятие). I naturally began by examining the roadway (естественно, я начал осмотр с дороги), and there, as I have already explained to you (и там, как я уже вам объяснил), I saw clearly the marks of a cab (я явственно увидел следы кеба), which, I ascertained by inquiry, must have been there during the night (который, как я, расспрашивая, уточнил, должен был проехать там ночью; to ascertain —выяснять, устанавливать). I satisfied myself that it was a cab and not a private carriage by the narrow gauge of the wheels (я удостоверился в том, что это кеб, а не частный экипаж, из-за его узкой колеи; to satisfy — убеждать; доказывать; gauge — ширина колеи; колесная база; wheel — колесо). The ordinary London growler is considerably less wide than a gentleman's brougham (обычный лондонский кеб заметно уже: «менее широк», чем экипаж джентльмена; growler — четырехколесный экипаж, тарантас; brougham — одноконный двух- или четырехколесный экипаж для двух или четырех человек).
ascertain [aes'ten], carriage ['kaer], gauge [e], growler ['raul], brougham ['bru:m]
"I understand," said I.
"Now this was a case in which you were given the result and had to find everything else for yourself. Now let me endeavour to show you the different steps in my reasoning. To begin at the beginning. I approached the house, as you know, on foot, and with my mind entirely free from all impressions. I naturally began by examining the roadway, and there, as I have already explained to you, I saw clearly the marks of a cab, which, I ascertained by inquiry, must have been there during the night. I satisfied myself that it was a cab and not a private carriage by the narrow gauge of the wheels. The ordinary London growler is considerably less wide than a gentleman's brougham.
"This was the first point gained (это
peculiarly [p'kju:ll], surface ['s:fs], entirely [n'tal]
"This was the first point gained. I then walked slowly down the garden path, which happened to be composed of a clay soil, peculiarly suitable for taking impressions. No doubt it appeared to you to be a mere trampled line of slush, but to my trained eyes every mark upon its surface had a meaning. There is no branch of detective science which is so important and so much neglected as the art of tracing footsteps. Happily, I have always laid great stress upon it, and much practice has made it second nature to me. I saw the heavy footmarks of the constables, but I saw also the track of the two men who had first passed through the garden. It was easy to tell that they had been before the others, because in places their marks had been entirely obliterated by the others coming upon the top of them. In this way my second link was formed, which told me that the nocturnal visitors were two in number, one remarkable for his height (as I calculated from the length of his stride), and the other fashionably dressed, to judge from the small and elegant impression left by his boots.
"On entering the house this last inference was confirmed (когда я вошел в дом, эта моя последняя догадка подтвердилась; inference — вывод, умозаключение; догадка, предположение; to infer — заключать; делать /логический/ вывод; делать предположение, высказывать догадку). My well-booted man lay before me (мой человек в изящных туфлях: «хорошо обутый» лежал передо мной). The tall one, then, had done the murder, if murder there was (следовательно, высокий совершил убийство, если убийство имело место). There was no wound upon the dead man's person (на теле мертвого не было ран), but the agitated expression upon his face assured me (но взволнованное выражение его лица ясно мне сказало; to assure — убеждать) that he had foreseen his fate before it came upon him (что он предвидел свою участь до того, как она его настигла). Men who die from heart disease, or any sudden natural cause (у умирающих от сердечного приступа или по другой внезапной естественной причине), never by any chance exhibit agitation upon their features (никогда ни при каких обстоятельствах не остается на лице потрясенное выражение; to exhibit — показывать; выказывать; agitation — волнение; возбуждение; тревога; потрясение). Having sniffed the dead man's lips (понюхав губы покойного) I detected a slightly sour smell (я заметил чуть кисловатый запах), and I came to the conclusion that he had had poison forced upon him (и пришел к выводу, что его заставили выпить яд). Again, I argued that it had been forced upon him (опять же, я пришел к выводу, что он был принужден его выпить) from the hatred and fear expressed upon his face (по выражению ненависти и страха, застывшем на лице: «по ненависти и страху, выраженных на его лице»). By the method of exclusion, I had arrived at this result (методом исключения я пришел к этому результату), for no other hypothesis would meet the facts (так как никакая другая гипотеза не согласовывалась с фактами). Do not imagine that it was a very unheard of idea (не думайте, что это была такая уж неслыханная идея). The forcible administration of poison is by no means a new thing in criminal annals (насильственное принятие яда никоим образом не новость в анналах преступности; administration — применение). The cases of Dolsky in Odessa (случаи Дольского в Одессе), and of Leturier in Montpellier (и Летурье в Монпелье), will occur at once to any toxicologist (сразу придут на ум любому токсикологу; to occur — случаться; приходить на ум).