Один год из жизни Уильяма Шекспира. 1599
Шрифт:
О Ф. Бэконе и его деятельности в 1599 году см. второй том его писем: James Spedding, ed., The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon (London, 1862). Эссе Бэкона о Юлии Цезаре («Imago Civilis Julii Caesaris»), а также его перевод на английский язык см.: James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, Douglas Denon Heath eds., The Works of Francis Bacon (London, 1890, vol. 6). См. также: Lisa Jardine and Alan Stewart, Hostage to Fortune: The Troubled Life of Francis Bacon (New York, 1999); Fritz Levy, Francis Bacon and the Style of Politics, in Arthur Kinney and Dan S. Collins, eds., Renaissance Historicism: Selections from English Literary Renaissance (Amherst, 1987), 150–53; см. также: Abbott, Bacon and Essex.
О Шекспире и Плутархе, помимо перевода Томаса Норта (The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans, London, 1579; 1595) см.: Martha Hale Shackford, Plutarch in Renaissance England (n. p., 1929); Christopher Pelling, Plutarch on Caesar’s Fall, in Plutarch and His Intellectual World, ed. Judith Mossman (London, 1997), 215–32; Judith Mossman, «Henry V and Plutarch’s Alexander», Shakespeare Quarterly 45 (1994), 57–73.
Глава 8. Разве нынче праздник?
О Часовне Гильдии и детстве Шекспира в Стратфорде см.: Sidney Lee, Stratford-Upon-Avon from the Earliest Times to the Death of Shakespeare (London, rev. ed., 1907); Robert B. Wheler, History and Antiquities of Stratford-upon-Avon (Stratford-upon-Avon, 1806); Levi Fox, The Borough Town of Stratford-upon-Avon (Stratford-upon-Avon, 1953); J. Harvey Bloom, Shakespeare’s Church, Otherwise the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity of Stratford-upon-Avon (London, 1902); L. F. Salzman, ed., The Victoria History of the County of Warwick, vol. 3 (London, 1945), Christopher Dyer, Medieval Stratford: A Successful Small Town, in Bearman, ed., The History of an English Borough.
О замене цветных частей витражей бесцветным стеклом см.: Richard Savage et al., eds., Minutes and Accounts of the Corporation of Stratford. О фресках в Часовне Гильдии см.: Thomas Fisher, Series of Antient [sic] Allegorical, Historical, and Legendary Paintings, in Fresco: Discovered, in the Summer of 1804, on the Walls of the Chapel of the Trinity… at Stratford-upon-Avon (London, 1836). См. также современное исследование: Clifford Davidson, The Guild Chapel Wall Paintings at Stratford-upon-Avon (New York, 1988). Более подробно вопрос об уничтожении настенных изображений в Англии эпохи Постреформации освещен в кн.: John Phillips, The Reformation of Images: Destruction of Art in England, 1535–1660 (Berkeley, 1973); Margaret Aston, England’s Iconoclasts. Vol I. Laws Against Images (Oxford, 1988); Richard Marks, Stained Glass in England During the Middle Ages (Toronto, 1993). О св. Георгии, покровителе Англии, см.: G. J. Marcus, Saint George of England (London, 1929).
О значении праздников в Англии эпохи Постреформации, помимо двух важнейших исследований, Дэвида Кресси (David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells) и Рональда Хаттона (Ronald Hutton, The Rise and Fall of Merry England), см.: Barnaby Googe, The Popish Kingdome (London, 1570), ed. Robert Charles Hope (London, 1880); J. B., A Treatise with a Kalendar, and the Proofes Thereof (London, 1598). О том, как Шекспир переосмысляет праздники в своих пьесах см.: С. L. Barber, Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy (Princeton, 1959); Francois Laroque, Shakespeare’s Festive World: Elizabethan Seasonal Entertainment and the Professional Stage, trans. Janet Lloyd (Cambridge, 1991). О том, как принято было одеваться на праздники, см.: N. В. Harte, State Control of Dress and Social Change, in Trade Government and Economy in Pre-Industrial England. Essays Presented to F. J. Fisher, ed., D. C. Coleman and A. H. John (London, 1976), 132–65; Wilfred Hooper, The Tudor Sumptuary Laws, English Historical Review 30 (1915), 433–49. Из более поздних работ см.: Alison A. Chapman, Whose Saint Crispin’s Day Is It?: Shoemaking, Holiday Making, and the Politics of Memory in Early Modern England, Renaissance Quarterly 54 (2001), 1467–94. См. также: Anthony B. Dawson, The Arithmetic of Memory: Shakespeare’s Theatre and the National Past, Shakespeare Survey 52 (1999), 54–67. О том, как в елизаветинской драме отражаются проблемы Постреформации, см.: Louis Montrose, The Purpose of Playing: Shakespeare and the Cultural Politics of the Elizabethan Theatre (Chicago, 1996); Jeffrey Knapp, Shakespeare’s Tribe: Church, Nation, and Theater in Renaissance England (Chicago, 2002).
О роли триумфов в елизаветинской Англии см.: Gordon Kipling, Triumphal Drama: Form in English Civic Pageantry, Renaissance Drama n. s. 8 (1977), 37–56; Anthony Miller, Roman Triumphs and Early Modern English Culture (London, 2001); James Hamilton Wylie, The Reign of Henry the Fifth; The Great Chronicle of London, eds. A. H. Thomas and I. D. Thornley (London, 1938), The Anglia Historia of Polydore Virgil, 1485–1537, ed. Denys Hay, Camden Society, 3rd Series (London, 1950).
О противоречивом отношении ко Дню восшествия монарха на престол, помимо исследования Кресси (Cressy, Bonfires and Bells) см.: Roy Strong, The Popular Celebration of the Accession Day of Queen Elizabeth I, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 21 (1958), 86–103; Roy Strong, The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry (London, 1977); Frances Yates, Astrea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1975). Среди более современных источников см.: Thomas Holland, A Sermon Preached at Paules in London the 17. of November Ann. Dom 1599 (Oxford, 1601); Thomas Holland, Edmund Bunny, Certain Prayers and Other Godly Exercises for the Seventeenth of November (London, 1585); Thomas Bentley, The Monument of Matrones (London, 1582); John Prime, A Sermon Briefly Comparing the Estate of King Solomon and His Subjectes Together with the Condition of Queen Elizabeth and Her People (Oxford, 1585); Thomas Bilson, The True Difference Between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion (Oxford, 1585). См. также: Nicholas Sanders, A Treatise of the Images of Christ and His Saints (Louvain, 1567); Nicholas Sander, The Rise and Growth of the Anglican Schism (Cologne, 1585), trans. and ed., David Lewis (London, 1877), T. Veech, Dr. Nicholas Sanders and the English Reformation (Louvain, 1935). О пуританине Роберте Райте см.: Historical Manuscript Collection Report 8: 2, 27; Strype, Annals of the Reformation. О Елизавете как богине см.: Sir John Davies, Hymnes, of Astraea, in Acrostic Verse (London, 1599), Helen Hackett, Virgin Mother, Maiden Queen: Elizabeth I and the Cult of the Virgin Mary (Basingstroke, 1995). О восстании в графстве Оксфордшир в 1596 году см.: John Walter, «Rising of the People?» The Oxfordshire Rising of 1596, Past and Present 107 (1985), 90–143.
О портретах Елизаветы см.: Roy Strong, Portraits of Queen Elizabeth (Oxford, 1963); The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry (London, 1977); Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered 1520–1620 (London, 1983). См. также: Edmund Bohun, The Character of Queen Elizabeth in vol. 2 of Nichols, Progresses of Elizabeth. Помимо этого, см. богато иллюстрированное издание с описанием гардероба Елизаветы: Janet Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe Unlock’d (Leeds, 1988). Об иконографии и иконоборчестве см.: Michael O’Connell, in The Idolatrous Eye: Iconoclasm, Anti-Theatricalism, and the Image of the Elizabethan Theater, English Literary History 52 (1985), 279–310; John N. King, Tudor Royal Iconography: Literature and Art in an Age of Religious Crisis (Princeton, 1989). О проповедях с кафедры под открытым небом у Креста св. Павла см.: Millar MacClure, The Paul’s Cross Sermons 1534–1642 (Toronto, 1958); Arnold Hunt, Tuning the Pulpits: the Religious Context of the Essex Revolt, in The English Sermon Revised: Religion, Literature and History 1600–1750, ed. Lori Anne Ferrell and Peter McCullough (Manchester, 2000), 86–114; McCullough’s Sermons at Court.
О покушении Сквира на жизнь Елизаветы см.: Arthur Freeman, Elizabeth’s Misfits (New York, 1978). Письма У. Рэли о планируемом политическом убийстве см.: Agnes Latham and Joyce Youings, eds., The Letters of Sir Walter Ralegh (Exeter, 1999). О полемике вокруг политического убийства см.: Robert Miola, «Julius Caesar and the Tyrannicide Debate», Renaissance Quarterly 38 (1985), 271–89. См. также: Rebecca W. Bushnell, Tragedies of Tyrants: Political Thought and Theater in the English Renaissance (Ithaca, 1990). О вопросе престолонаследия в Англии, помимо трактата Томаса Уилсона (Thomas Wilson, The State of England), см.: Peter Wentworth, A Pithie Exhortation to Her Majestie for Establishing Her Successor to the Crowne (Edinburgh, 1598), Sir John Harington, A Tract on the Succession to the Crown (1602), ed. Clements R. Markham (London, 1880).
Об изображении Юлия Цезаря в елизаветинской Англии, см. дневники Платтера, Хенцнера и др. См., также: Ernest Law, The History of Hampton Court Palace 3 vols. (2nd ed., London, 1890); Inventory of the Pictures in Hampton Court Viewed and Appraised the 3rd, 4th, and 5th of October 1649, in Oliver Millar, ed., The Inventories and Valuation of the King’s Goods 1649–1651 in The Walpole Society 43 (1972); George Wingfield Digby, Victoria and Albert Museum: The Tapestry Collection, Medieval and Renaissance (London, 1980). More generally, see Lucy Gent, ed., Albion’s Classicism: The Visual Arts in Britain, 1550–1660 (New Haven, 1995). Об интерпретации Древнего Рима у Шекспира см.: John W. Velz, The Ancient World in Shakespeare: Authenticity or Anachronism? A Retrospect, Shakespeare Survey 31 (1978), 1–12; Terence Spencer, Shakespeare and the Elizabethan Romans, Shakespeare Survey 10 (1957), 27–38; G. K. Hunter, A Roman Thought: Renaissance Attitudes to History Exemplified in Shakespeare and Jonson, in Brian S. Lee, ed., An English Miscellany: Papers Presented to W. S. Mackie (Capetown, 1977), 93–118.
О «Юлии Цезаре» см.: Mark Rose, Conjuring Caesar: Ceremony, History, and Authority in 1599, in True and Maimed Rites: Ritual and Anti-Ritual in Shakespeare and His Age, ed. Linda Woodbridge and Edward Berry (Urbana, 1992), 256–69; Naomi Conn Liebler, «Thou Bleeding Piece of Earth»: The Ritual Ground of Julius Caesar, Shakespeare Studies 14 (1981), 175–96; J. Dover Wilson, Ben Jonson and Julius Caesar, Shakespeare Survey 2 (1949), 36–43; Wayne Rebhorn, The Crisis of the Aristocracy in Julius Caesar, Renaissance Quarterly 43 (1990), 78–109, David Kaula, «Let Us Be Sacrificers»: Religious Motifs in Julius Caesar, Shakespeare Studies 14 (1981), 197–214; Ian Donaldson, «Miscontruing Everything»: Julius Caesar and Sejanus, in Shakespeare Performed, ed. Grace Ioppolo, 88–107. См. также статью Ричарда Уилсона: Richard Wilson, A Brute Part: Julius Caesar and the Rites of Violence, Cahiers Elisabethains 50 (1996), 19–32; Will Power: Essays on Shakespearean Authority (Detroit, 1993); Shakespeare: Julius Caesar, Penguin Critical Studies (London, 1992); см., помимо этого, предисловие к изданию «Юлия Цезаря» под ред. Уилсона: Julius Caesar. New Casebooks (New York, 2002). О постановках пьесы см.: John Ripley, Julius Caesar on Stage in England and America, 1599–1973 (Cambridge, 1980).