Английский для экономистов (учебник английского языка)
Шрифт:
Второй принцип – «Будь честен и правдив». Это – фундамент предпринимательства, предпосылка здоровой прибыли и нормальных отношений в делах. Российский предприниматель должен быть безупречным носителем добродетелей, честности и правдивости.
Третий принцип – «Уважай право частной собственности». Свободное предпринимательство – основа благополучия государства. Российский предприниматель обязан в поте лица своего трудиться на благо свой Отчизны. Такое рвение можно проявить только при опоре на частную собственность.
Четвертый принцип – «Люби
Пятый принцип – «Будь верен своему слову». Успех в деле во многом зависит от того, в какой степени окружающие доверяют тебе.
Шестой принцип – «Живи по средствам». Не зарывайся. Выбирай дело по плечу. Всегда оценивай свои возможности. Действуй сообразно своим средствам.
Седьмой принцип – « Будь целеустремленным». Всегда имей перед собой ясную цель. Предпринимателю такая цель нужна как воздух. Не отвлекайся на другие цели. Служение двум господам противоестественно. В стремлении заветной достичь цели не переходи грани дозволенного. Никакая цель не может затмить моральные ценности.
Ex.18. Translate the text in written form.
Business is the exchange of goods and services, and money, on an arm’s length (objective) basis, that results in mutual benefit or profit for both parties involved. An individual engages in business because he or she believes that the rewards, or possible future benefits, of business are greater than risks, or possible future sacrifices, of business.
Business activities are events that involve making and carrying out the operating, investing, and financing decisions that deal with business assets or obligations.
In a profit-seeking business, there are three types of business activities that correspond to the three types of business decisions. Operating activities are the profit-making activities of the enterprise. They include those business activities that generate revenues, such as selling merchandise for cash or on credit or providing services for a fee. They also include activities that result in increased expenses, such as purchasing goods for manufacture or resale, paying wages, or combining goods and labour to manufacture products.
Investing activities include the purchase and a sale of long-term assets in addition to other major items used in a business’ operations.
Financing activities are activities that involve obtaining the cash or using other non-cash means to pay for investments in long-term assets, and to repay money borrowed from creditors, and to provide a return to owners.
SPEAK AND WRITE
1. Why are there so many organizations in today’s society?
2. Why is it important for managers to be knowledgeable about the macro environment?
3. How will tomorrow’s organizations be different from those today?
4. Do all organizations need structure? Give your reasons.
5. Define the terms authority and tell how it is related to formal and informal organizations.
6. Explain how responsibility, authority, and accountability should be related to each other in the ideal organization.
7. Take an organization with which you are familiar and see if you can explain the way it works (principles, goals, structure, objectives, climate, and so forth).
8. List each organization you belong to. Do they have any impact on your life? List and discuss each impact.
9. One successful sales company had a unique organization layout. At the top of the chart was the most important person in the whole operation – the customer. This labeled «customer» was linked with lines to boxes of functions dealing directly with the customer – sales person, technical service, order clerk, credit clerk, etc. Try to draw your own organization chart, starting with the customer.
10. Enumerate all the factors you would consider in creating a culture of your own business.
11. Because of its broad global environment, a number of disciplines (geography, history, law, economics, political science, anthropology) are useful to help explain the conduct of international business. Prove it with your own examples.
12. Do you agree with the adage: “You can’t get rich working for someone else”?
13. What should be regulated by government and what should be left to the private sector (education, health care, housing, social security, defense, public transport, sale of alcohol, tobacco, press, broadcasting, entertainment)? Why? Give your reasons.
14. Summarize the information of the Unit to be ready to speak on the topic “Organization”. The first step to be done is to write the plan of your future report.
15. Choose any question (problem, topic) relating to Organization and make a 7-10 minute report in class. Refer to different additional sources to make your report instructive, interesting and informative.
UNIT 3
MANAGEMENT
If the leader is good, the followers will be good.
Your vocabulary
Management
– the control and organizing of a business or other organization;
– those stuff within the firm who exert control over its activities on behalf of owners.
Top management
includes the chief executive of an organization, his or her deputy or deputies, the board of directors and the managers in charge of the divisions or departments of the organization.
Middle management