ЕГЭ-2024. Английский. Варианты на основе открытого банка ФИПИ
Шрифт:
C. All known species of penguins live naturally in the southern hemisphere of the world. They actually occupy habitats that are located on each of the five continents within the southern hemisphere. Antarctica, which is known for its low temperatures, is a habitat for only five breeds of penguins. The majority of penguins prefer colder climates, but there are some species that prefer a slightly warmer climate. The Galapagos penguin, for example, resides far north near the Galapagos Islands.
D. Penguins primarily communicate vocally, but they also communicate through body language and posturing. Penguins all look virtually identical, which makes individual recognition very difficult. To overcome this, penguins have evolved different sounding voices and the ability to recognize the individual voices of their mates or chicks. This allows the birds to recognize and find their mates or chicks among the masses, which all look the same. Besides, penguins produce different types of calls.
E. While penguins do not fly, they are incredible swimmers. In 2012, scientists managed to discover at last that the reason why Emperor penguins are able to swim so quickly through the ocean is not only because of the feathers on their flippers but also because of bubbles. It is surprising to learn about the bubbles penguins use to coat their bodies as they swim through the water. This coating of bubbles makes them more slippery and they are able to slide through the water at top speeds of 12 to 77 feet per second.
F. Penguins catch their food while swimming in the ocean. Penguins primarily eat fish, squid and krill that they catch with their sharp beaks. Over their evolutionary history, the ancestors of modern penguins lost their ability to fly in exchange for becoming extraordinary swimmers. Penguins are among the most skilled fish-eating animals in the world, which is necessary to fuel their high caloric needs. In contrast to cold-blooded fish, penguins must eat a lot to heat their bodies internally in cold weather.
G. Penguins are not mammals, even though they are warm-blooded animals. Penguins are one of only a few species of flightless birds left in the world. Many people mistakenly believe penguins have fur instead of feathers because of the tight packing of feathers on their bodies. Most birds could not survive the frigid temperatures, but penguins store ample fat reserves that protect them in the water. They have the tightly-woven feathers that protect them on land, and they stand in huddles to share body warmth.
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
11 Прочитайте
Do jellyfish sleep?
Worms and fish do it. Birds and bees do it. But do jellyfish fall asleep?
It was after midnight A__________ where the jellyfish were kept. They left the lights off and walked through the room by the glow of their cellphones. The students did not tell anyone that they were doing this. The secret they were keeping was a “totally crazy” experiment aimed at finding out whether jellyfish sleep.
A few weeks before, B__________ whether jellyfish needed to sleep. “Of course not,” said one of them. “Sleep helps C__________. Jellyfish are so simple they don’t even have brains. How could they possibly share the need to sleep?” The others weren’t so sure, but they wanted to find out.
The three students designed an experiment to test different behaviors and see if the jellyfish were asleep. They watched the animals to see how they moved, and D__________ when they were resting. It turned out that the jellyfish moved about 30 percent less at night. It was also harder to get their attention.
Months of late-night studying led to amazing results. Young scientists reported E__________ sleeplike behavior. This made it the first animal without a brain known to do so. The results suggest F__________ life, as the jellyfish group of animals first arose about 700 million years ago, and has stuck with us ever since.
1. if they could get the jellies’ attention
2. how talkative they were in a situation close to
3. when three science students crept into the lab
4. that sleep evolved early in the history of animal
5. strengthen memory and keep the brain healthy
6. that the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea showed
7. the students were having coffee and started debating
Ответ:
A
B
C
D
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F
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