Методическая разработка по английскому языку по специальности «Стандартизация, сертификация и метрология»
Шрифт:
surface, poles, to define, reason, to attempt, length, to reproduce, metrology object.
Standard is an … oridea that can be used some accepted … Ideal standards can be … without uncertainty. The first ideal standard was … to create in the 19th century. It was connected with «meter» … standard. In the 19th century meter was … as one ten-millionth of the distance from the equator to one of the Earth’s … It was considered as the first ideal standard. Later it was learned that the Earth’s … an unreliable basis for a standard because the Earth could change its shape. Today there are carried out many calibration investigations w hich are widely used in … for establishing standards.
Ex. 5. Match the beginning with the endings based on the text
Ex. 6. Put the questions to the bold-typed words:
1. These bulbs recreate candela.
2. Luminance (candela) can only be reproduced to 5 %.
3. This organization coordinates temperature measurements.
4. Current is applied during the recreation of candela.
5. This mosaic of approaches produces measurement uncertainty.
Ex. 7. Make the summary of the text:
The definition of ideal standard.
The definition of Candela standard and Kelvin standard.
LESSON 6
requirement – требование – талап; бап; міндетті ереже
technical standards – нормативно-технические документы – дстрлі техникалы жаттар
technical system – техническая система – техникалы жйе
formal document – официальный документ – ресми жат
criterion – критерий (pl. criteria) – критерий, белгі
practice – методика – діс, діс – тсіл жиынтыы
certified reference standard – аттестованный стандартный образец, аттес-тованный эталонный образец – аттестацияланан стандартты лгі
certified reference material – аттестованный стандартный образец материала – материалды аттестациядан ткен стандартты лгісі
reference base – база стандартов – стандарттар негізі
national standard – государственный стандарт – мемлекеттік стандарт
national standards body – орган по разработке государственных стандартов – мемлекеттік стандарттарды жете зерттейтін йым paper
trail – документальное свидетельствo – ( деректі ), жатты
regulatory body – орган управления – басару органы
corporation – акционерная компания, корпорация – акционерлік серіктік, корпорация, бірлестік
military – армия – армия
mandatory – обязательный – мандатты; міндетті
to adopt – принимать – абылдау, абылдап алу; лгі алу, еліктеу
edict – указ – аулы
standard specification – стандартные технические условия – стандартты техникалы шарттар
explicit – точный – ыпты, тиянаты; дл тра
set – набор – жина, жиынты
procurement –
precise – точный – тиянаты; шынды, дл, тура
standard test method – метод стандартного испытания – стандартты діс сынаы
standard practice – стандартная методика, стандартная технология – стандартты діс, стандартты технология
technical practice – техническая норма – техникалы млшер
nuclear power plant – ядерная энергетическая установка – ядролы энергетикалы ондыры
standard guide – указатель стандартов – стандарттар крсеткіші
standard unite – стандартная единица измерения – стандартты лшем бірлігі
options – дополнительная информация – осымша млімет
specific course of action – определенные действия – белгілі рекеттер
voluntary standard – рекомендательный (необязательный) стандарт – сыныс жасайтын (ерікті) стандарт
Ex. 1. Read and translate the text
Technical standards
A technical standard is an established norm or requirement in regard to technical systems. It is usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices. A technical standard can also be a controlled artifact or similar formal means used for calibration. Reference Standards and certified reference materials have an assigned value by direct comparison with a reference base. A p rimary standard is usually under the jurisdiction of a national standards body. Secondary, tertiary, check standards and standard materials may be used for reference in a metrology system. A key requirement in this case is (metrological) traceability, an unbroken paper trail of calibrations back to the primary standard.
A technical standard may be developed privately or unilaterally, for example by a corporation, regulatory body, military, etc. Standards can also be developed by groups such as trade unions, and trade associations. Standards organizations often have more diverse input and usually develop voluntary standards: these might become mandatory if adopted by a government, business contract, etc.
The standardization process may be by edict or may involve the formal consensus of technical experts.
The primary types of technical standards are:
– A standard specification is an explicit set of requirements for an item, material, component, system or service. It is often used to formalize the technical aspects of a procurement agreement or contract. For example, there may be a sp ecification for a turbine blade for a jet engine that defines the exact material and performance requirements.
– A standard test method describes a definitive procedure that produces a t est result. It may involve making a car eful personal observation or conducting a highly technical measurement. For example, a physical property of a material is often affected by the precise method of testing: any reference to the property should therefore reference the test method used.