Теория струн и скрытые измерения Вселенной
Шрифт:
[159] Cumrun Vafa, “The Geometry of Grand Unified Theories,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 2008.
[160] Chris Beasley (Stony Brook University), interview with author, November 13, 2008.
[161] Burt Оvrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, July 20, 2008.
[162] Ovrut, interview with author, February 2, 2007.
[163] Ron Donagi (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, November 14, 2008.
[164] Donagi, interview with author, November 19, 2008.
[165] Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.
[166] Donagi, interview with author, May 3, 2008
[167] Ovrut, interview with author, November 20, 2008.
[168] Donagi, interview with author, November 20, 2008.
[169] Ovrut, interview with author, November 20, 2008.
[170] Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, November 4, 2008.
[171] Michael Douglas (Stony Brook University), interview with author, August 20, 2008.
[172] Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.
[173] Simon Donaldson (Imperial College), interview with author, November 29, 2008.
[174] Ovrut, interview with author, November 19, 2008.
[175] Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.
[176] Strominger, interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[177] Adrian Cho, “String Theory Gets Real – Sort Of,” Science306 (November 26, 2004): 1,461.
[178] Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.
[179] Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, November 15, 2008.
[180] Gary Shiu, quoted in Adrian Cho, “String Theory Gets Real – Sort Of” Science306 (November 26, 2004): 1,461.
[181] Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), e-mail letter to author, December 6, 2008.
[182] Shamit Kachru, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, and Sandip Trivedi, “De Sitter Vacua in String Theory,” Physical Review D68 (2003).
[183] Raman Sundrum (Johns Hopkins University), interview with author, February 22, 2007.
[184] Liam McAllister (Cornell University), interview with author, November 12, 2008.
[185] Kachru, interview with author, September 8, 2007.
[186] Liam McAllister (Princeton University), interview with author, February 20, 2007.
[187] Joe Polchinski (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, February 6, 2006.
[188] David Gross, quoted in Dennis Overbye, “Zillions of Universes? Or Did Ours Get Lucky?” New York Times, October 28, 2003.
[189] Burton Richter, “Randall and Susskind,” letter to editor, New York Times, January 29, 2006.
[190] Leonard Susskind, The Cosmic Landscape(New York: Little Brown, 2006), pp. 354–355.
[191] Tristan Hubsch (Howard University), interview with author, November 7, 2008.
[192] Mark Gross (Stanford University), interview with author, October 31, 2008.
[193] Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.
[194] Miles Reid (University of Warwick), interview with author, August 12, 2007.
[195] Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, October 31, 2008.
[196] Gross, interview with author, October 31, 2008.
[197] Adams, interview with author, October 31, 2008.
[198] Tristan Hubsch, e-mail letter to author, December 15, 2008.
[199] Melanie Becker (Texas A&M University), interview with author, February 1, 2007.
[200] Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.
[201] Li-Sheng Tseng (Harvard University), interview with author, December 17, 2008.
[202] Becker, interview with author, February 1, 2007.
[203] Polchinski, interview with author, January 29, 2007.
[204] Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.
[205] Burt Ovrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, February 2, 2007.
[206] Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction12 (July 1988): 73–79.
[207] Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).
[208] Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.
[209] Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.
[210] Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.
[211] Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.
[212] Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.
[213] Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.
[214] Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.
[215] Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.
[216] Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.
[217] Linde, interview with author, January 10, 2008.
[218] S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.
[219] Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.
[220] Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).