Руководство по поведенческой медицине собак и кошек
Шрифт:
Полезно также поинтересоваться, как реагирует кошка, когда к ней приближаются люди. Поднимает ли хвост трубой, дружелюбно приветствуя их, или смотрит на них пристально, приподняв хвост в основании и свесив его остальную часть? Понимание этих сигналов позволит ветеринарному врачу предугадать, как поведет себя эта кошка на приеме и что она предпримет, если взять ее на руки.
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Глава 4_
Роль семьи в поведенческой терапии
Ж. Деасс (Joel Dehasse)
Каким образом взаимоотношения между людьми и животными, а также семья, рассматриваемая как социальная система, влияют на возникновение, развитие и лечение поведенческих проблем у домашних животных? Цель данной главы состоит не в описании собственно связи между человеком и животным, а в анализе возможных последствий этой связи, включая влияние ее как на поведение животного и его поведенческую адаптацию, так и на подход ветеринарного врача к проведению консультаций, выбору метода лечения и контролю за выполнением сделанных назначений.
Система (фиг. 4.1) состоит из отдельных частей и связей между ними. Живая система (например, семья у людей, стая собак, территориальная организация группы кошек или стадо лошадей) способна к саморегуляции и самоконтролю. Подобная живая система старается сохранить свое равновесие (гомеостаз) и обладает рядом механизмов, предназначенных для достижения этой цели. В рамках системы поведенческие реакции отдельной особи могут составлять часть межличностных отношений и таким образом влиять на поведение других членов системы. Следовательно, эти реакции являются формой общения.