Умная толпа
Шрифт:
55. Bernardo A. Huberman, «The Social Mind», in Origins of the Human Brain, ed. Jean-Pierre Changeux and Jean Chavaillon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 250.
56. Kay-Yut Chen, Leslie R. Fine, and Bernardo Huberman, «Forecasting Uncertain Events with Small Groups», HP Laboratories, Palo Alto, California, 3 August 2001, «
» (6 March 2002).57. Norman Johnson et al., «Symbiotic Intelligence: Self-Organizing Knowledge on Distributed Networks, Driven by Human Interaction», в отчете Artificial Life VI: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Artificial Life (Complex Adaptive Systems, No. 6), ed.
58. George Dyson, Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1997).
59. Johnson et al, «Symbiotic Intelligence».
Глава 8
1. Epigraph: Langdon Winner, «Whatever Happened to the Electronic Cottage?» Tech Knowledge Review 3.23, 27 July 2001. «
», 17 March 2002.2. Epigraph: Robert Wright, Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny (New York: Vintage, 2000).
3. Rich Ling and Per Helmersen, «It Must Be Necessary, It Has to Cover a Need: The Adoption of Mobile Telephony Among Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents», in The Social Consequences of Mobile Telephony: The Proceedings from a Seminar About Society, Mobile Telephony, and Children, Telenor R amp;D N 38/2000, ed. Rich Ling and Kristin Trane, 26 June 2000, 19-23, «
» (4 February 2002).4. Nicola Green, «Outwardly Mobile: Young People and Mobile Technologies», in Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, and Public Performance, ed. by Mark Aakhus and James Katz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
5. Howard Rheingold, «Look Who's Talking», Wired 7.01, January 1999, «
» (18 March 2002).6. Jane Wakefield, «Watching Your Every Move», BBC News Online, 7 February 2002, «
» (16 March 2002).7. Stuart Millar and Paul Kelso, «Liberties Fear Over Mobile Phone Details», The Guardian, 27 October 2001, «
» (18 March 2002).8. Declan McCullagh, «Call It Super Bowl Face Scan 1», Wired News, 2 February 2001, «
» (18 March 2002).9. Ryan Naraine, «Face Recognition, Via Cell-Phones», Symobile, 27 March 2002, «
» (29 March 2002).10. George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four (London: Martin Seeker and Warburg, 1949).
11. David Lyon, The Electronic Eye: The Rise of Surveillance Society (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994).
12. Steve Mann, «Smart Clothing: The Wearable Computer and Wear-Cam», Personal Technologies 1, 1 (March 1997), «
» (18 March 2002).13. Steven K. Feiner, «The Importance of Being Mobile: Some Social Consequences of Wearable Augmented Reality Systems», Proceedings of IWAR 99 (International Workshop on Augmented Reality), San Francisco, California, 20-21 October, 1999, 145-148, «
» (18 March 2002).14. Graeme Wearden, «Can 3G Phones Capture Criminals?» ZDNet News, 22 March 2002, «
» (27 March 2002).15. Gary T. Marx, «The Surveillance Society: The Threat of 1984-Style Techniques», The Futurist, June 1985, 21-26.
16. Gary T Marx, Undercover: Police Surveillance in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
17. Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977, ed. Colin Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980), 39.
18. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish. The Birth of the Prison (London: Tavistock, 1977), 27.
19. Michel Foucault, «Panopticism», in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 195-228.
20. Winner, «Whatever Happened to the Electronic Cottage?»
21. Jan English-Leuck et al, The Silicon Valley Cultures Project, «
» (23 March 2002), quoted in Winner.22. Byron Reeves and Clifford Nass, The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places (Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
23. D. C, Dryer, С Eisbach, and W S. Ark, «At What Cost Pervasive? A Social Computing View of Mobile Computing Systems», IBM Systems Journal 38, 4 (1999), «
» (29 March 2002).24. Mark Pesce, The Playful World. How Technology Is Transforming Our Imagination (New York: Ballantine, 2000). See also: The Playful World, «
» (23 March 2002).25. Leslie Haddon, «The Social Consequences of Mobile Telephony: Framing Questions», в отчете The Social Consequences of Mobile Telephony: The Proceedings from a Seminar About Society, Mobile Telephony, and Children, Telenor R amp;D N 38/2000, ed. Rich Ling and Kristin Trane, 26 June 2000, 2-6, «
» (31 January 2002).