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28. J. P. Marana, Lettre Sicilienne (1700; rpt. edn., Paris, 1883), 50–51; Martin Lister, A Journey to Paris in the Year 1698, ed. Raymond Phineas Steams (Urbana, Ш., 1967), 25; John Beckman, A History of Inventions, Discoveries, and Origins, trans. William Johnston (London, 1846), 180–182; Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 748–752; Defrance, Histoire de l''Eclairage, 35–38; Leon Bernard, The Emerging City: Paris in the Age of Louis XIV (Durham, N. С., 1970), 162–166; Falkus, "Lighting," 254–260; Peter Borsay, The English Urban Renaissance: Culture and Society in the Provincial Town, 1660–1770 (Oxford, 1989), 72–74.
29. S/C, Oct. 25,1783; De Beer, "Street-Lighting," 317–320; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 180; Matthiessen, Natten, 26.
30. John Scott, A Visit to Paris in 1814… (London, 1815), 40; Defrance, Histoire de l’'Eclairage, 47; G. E. Rodmell, ed., "An Englishman's Impressions of France in 1775," Durham University Journal (1967), 78. См. также: Maurice D'elib'er'e and Paulette D'elib'er'e, Pr'ehistoire et Histoire de la Lumi`ere (Paris, 1979), 117.
31. Koslofsky, "Court Culture," 759; Corinne Walker, "Du Plaisir `a la N'ecessit'e: l'Apparition de la Lumi`ere dans les Rues de Gen`eve `a la Fin du XVHIe Si`ecle," in Francois Walter, ed., Vivre et Imaginer la Ville XVllle — XIXe Si`ecles (Geneva, 1988), 107; Henry Hibbert, Syntagma Theologcum… (London, 1662), 31; Beattie, Policing, 170.
32. Smollett, Humphry Clinker… (New York, 1983), 113.
33. R. G. Bury, trans., Plato in Twelve Volumes (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), XI, 69; Crusius, Node, ch. 5.5.
34. 13 Edward I c. 4; Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 188; Joachim Schl"or, Nights in the Big City: Paris, Berlin, London 1840–1930, trans. Pierre Gottfried Imhof and Dafydd Rees Roberts (London, 1998), 73.
35. Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 365–366; Clare Williams, ed., Thomas Platter's Travels in England, 1599 (London, 1937), 174; Raine, ed., York Civic Records, V, 102; Bowsky, "Medieval Commune," 9—10; Alan Williams, The Police of Paris, 1718–1789 (Baton Rouge, 1979), 67.
36. Carl Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness: The First Century of Urban Life in America, 1625–1742 (Oxford, 1971), 64–67.
37. Beckman, Discoveries, trans. Johnston, 189; Schl"or, Nights in the Big City, trans. Imhof and Roberts, 74; Duke of Ormond, "Whereas by the good and wholsome lawes of this realm… night-watches should be kept…" (Dublin, 1677); Ruff, Violence, 92; M. De La Lande, Voyage en Italie… (Paris, 1786), 154.
38. Memoirs of Francois-Ren'e Vicomte de Chateaubriand, trans. Alexander Teixera de Mattos (New York, 1902), IV, 27; William Young, The History of Dulwich College… with a Life of the Founder, Edward Alleyn, and an Accurate Transcript of His Diary, 1617–1622 (London, 1889), II, 356; A.F.J. Brown, Essex People, 1750–1900 (Chelmsford, Eng., 1972), 40; Robert C. Davis, Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Preindustrial City (Baltimore, 1991), 157.
39. Mr. Ozell, trans., M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in His Travels over England (London, 1719), 358–359; Beattie, Policing, 169–197; Williams, Police of Paris, 67; e-mail of Nov. 16, 2003, from Paul Griffiths; Frank McLynn, Crime and Punishment in Eighteenth-Century England (London, 1989).
40. NHCR 1,33; Beattie, Policing, 181; Matthiessen, Natten, 52; Thomas Forester, ed., Norway and Its Scenery… the journal of a Tour by Edward Price… (London, 1853), 181–182; Pinkerton, Travels, I, 265; John Carr, A Northern Summer or Travels Round the Baltic… (Hartford, Ct., 1806), 129; An Accurate Description of the United Netherlands… (London, 1691), 65; Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness, 64–67.
41. Robert Poole, A Journey from London to France… (London, 1741), 10; Moryson, Itinerary, 1,18, 413; Moryson; Unpublished Itinerary, 365–366, 385; Sir Richard Camac Temple and Lavina Mary Anstey, eds., The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667 (London, 1914), IV, 169; Mr. Nugent, The Grand Tour, or, a Journey through the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and France… (London, 1756), I, 87; A Tour through Holland etc. (London, 1788), 80–81; John Barnes, A Tour throughout the Whole of France… (London, 1815), 6; NHCR I, 485; Matthiessen, Natten, 13, 31–32; Theodor Hampe, Crime and Punishment in Germany… trans. Malcolm Letts (London, 1929), 7–8.
42. Thomas Dekker, Villanies Discovered by Lanthorne and Candle-Light… (London, 1616); Walter George Bell, Unknown London (London, 1966), 213; F'elix-L. Tavernier, La Vie Quotidienne `a Marseille de Louis XIV`a Louis-Philippe (Paris, 1973), 96; Hana Urbancov^a, "Nightwatchmen's Songs as a Component of the Traditional Musical Culture," Studies, 48 (2000), 14; John F. Curwen, Kirkbie-Kendall… (Kendall, Eng., 1900), 116. См. также: Einar Utzon Frank, ed., De Danske Vaegtervers (Copenhagen, 1932).
43. Matthiessen, Natten, 48; Moryson, Unpublished Itinerary, 350.
44. Samuel Rowlands, Heavens Glory, Seeke It (London, 1628); Henry Alexander, trans., Four Plays by Holberg… (Princeton, N. J., 1946), 170; "Insomnis," PA, Oct. 8,1767; Colm Lennon, Richard Stanyhurst the Dubliner, 1547–1618 (Blackrock, Ire., 1981), 147.
45. Second Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Boston Records 1634–1660… (Boston, 1877), 151; Louis-S'ebastien Mercier, The Picture of Paris Before & After the Revolution (New York, 1930), 132; Pounds, Culture, 132–134; Bridenbaugh, Cities in the Wilderness, 374; Schindler, Rebellion, 218; Jacques Rossiaud, "Prostitution, Youth, and Society in the Towns of Southeastern France in the Fifteenth Century," in Robert Forster and Orest Ranum, eds., Deviants and the Abandoned in French Society: Selections from the Annales Economies, Soci'et'es, Civilisations, trans. Elborg Forster and Patricia Ranum (Baltimore, 1978), 45 n. 85; Matthiessen, Natten, 115,117.