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54. J. J. Evans, ed., Welsh Proverbs… (Llandysul, Wales, 1965), 23; Tilley, Proverbs in England, 753.
55. Abel Boyer, Dictionaire Royal… (Amsterdam, 1719); Mr. Ozell, trans., M. Misson's Memoirs and Observations in His Travels over England (London, 1719), 332; Suzanne Tardieu, La Vie Domestique dans le Maconnais Rural Pr'eindustriel (Paris, 1964), 154–161; Verdon, Night, 117–123; Hans Medick, "Village Spinning Bees: Sexual Culture and Free Time among Rural Youth in Early Modem Germany," in Hans Medick and David Warren Sabean, eds., Interest and Emotion: Essays on the Study of Family and Kinship (Cambridge, 1984), 317–339; Stephen P. Frank, "Simple Folk, Savage Customs?' Youth, Sociability, and the Dynamics of Culture in Rural Russia, 1856–1914," JSH 25 (1992), 716,711–737, passim; Alessandro Falassi, Folklore by the Fireside: Text and Context of the Tuscan Veglia (Austin, 1980), 3,248, passim; Dec. 16,1783, Lady T. Lewis, ed., Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry (London, 1865), 1, 53; Darryl Ogier, "Night Revels and Werewolfery in Calvinist Guernsey," Folklore 109 (1998), 54–56; Magnus Gislason, Kv"allsvaka: En Isl"andsk Kulturtradition Belyst Genom Studier i Bondebcfolkningens Vardagsliv och Milj"o Under Senare H"alften av 1800—Talet och B"orjan av 1900—Talet (Uppsala, 1977); James H. Delargy, "The Gaelic Story-Teller, with Some Notes on Gaelic Folk-Tales," Proceedings of the British Academy 31 (1945), 191–192; SAS, VI, 482–483; Mrs. Grant, Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of Scotland… (New York, [1831?]), 1,103; Hugh Evans, The Gorse Glen (Liverpool, 1948), 146.
56. Leona C. Gabel, ed., Memoirs of a Renaissance Pope: The Commentaries of Pius II, an Abridgement, trans. Florence A. Gragg (New York, 1962), 35; G. E. Mingay, "Rural England in the Industrial Age," in G. E. Mingay, ed., The Victorian Countryside (London, 1981), 1,14.
57. Robert Bell, A Description of the Conditions and Manners… of the Peasantry of Ireland… (London, 1804), 20.
58. Medick, "Spinning Bees," 322–323; Jakob Stutz, Siebenmal Sieben]ahre aus Meinem Leben: Als Beitrag zur N"aheren Kenntnis des Volkes (Frauenfeld, Switz., 1983), 66–67; James Macpherson, The Poems of Ossian (Edinburgh, 1805), II, 341; SAI, 1,318.
59. Daniello Bartoli, La Ricreazione del Savio (Parma, 1992), 336; Burke, Popular Culture, 105–106; Bernard J. Hibbitts, "Making Sense of Metaphors: Visuality, Aurality and the Reconfiguration of American Legal Discourse," Cardozo Law Review 16 (1994), 343–344; Crusius, Node, ch. 6.3; Takashi Tomita, Yorw no Shinrijutsu: Hiru Kara Yoru e no K^aod^ao, Korkoro no Henka о (Tokyo, 1986), 24–25; Henrie Glassie, Passing the Time in Ballymenone: Culture and History of an Ulster Community (Philadelphia, 1982), 40–41, 74, 105; Mircea Eliade, Myth and Reality (London, 1964), 10; Raffaele Pettazzoni, Essays on the History of Religions (Leiden, 1954), 13–14.
60. Moses Heap, "My Life and Times, or an Old Man's Memories, Illustrated with Numerous Anecdotes and Quaint Sayings," 3, District Central Library, Rawtenstall, Eng.; Bourne, Antiquitates Vulgares, 76; Gamert, Lampan, 114.
61. Bretonne, My Father's Life, trans. Veasey, 111; Eric Robinson et al., eds., The Early Poems of John Clare, 1804–1822 (Oxford, 1989), II, 126; SAS, XVII, 518; Roger Chartier, "Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modem Europe," in Susan Zimmerman and Ronald F. E. Weissman, eds., Urban Life in the Renaissance (Newark, Del., 1989), 112.
62. William Howitt, The Rural Life of England (1844; rpt. edn., Shannon, Ire., 1972), 238; Pierre-Jakez H'elias, The Horse of Pride: Life in a Breton Village, trans. June Guichamaud (New Haven, 1978), 73–74; George Peek, The Old Wives' Tale (London, 1595).
63. Jean-Louis Flandrin, Families in Former Times: Kinship, Household and Sexuality, trans. Richard Southern (Cambridge, 1979), 108–109.
64. Breton, Works, II, 10; Medick, "Spinning Bees," 334; Paroimiographia (Italian), 7; Schindler, "Youthful Culture," 257.
65. Medick, "Spinning Bees," 334; Martine Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family: Rural France in the Nineteenth Century, trans. Sarah Matthews (Chicago, 1983), 126; Madeline Jeay, ed., Les 'Evangiles des Quenouilles… (Paris, 1985), passim; Verdon, Night, 121–122; Rozsika Parker, The Subversive Stitch Embroidery and the Making of the Feminine (London, 1984), 98.
66. Rudolph M. Bell, How to Do It: Guides to Good Living for Renaissance Italians (Chicago, 1999), 249; Medick, "Spinning Bees," 333, 331; Lyndal Roper, The Holy Household: Women and Morals in Reformation Augsburg (Oxford, 1989), 179.
67. SAS, VIII, 417; Bell, Peasantry of Ireland, 20–21; Harvey Mitchell, "The World between the Literate and Oral Traditions in Eighteenth-Century France: Ecclesiastical Instructions and Popular Mentalities," in Roseann Runte, ed., Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture: Volume 8 (Madison, Wise., 1979), 55; Jean-Michel Boehler, La Paysannerie de la Plaine d'Alsace (Strasbourg, 1995), II, 1963.
1. Mercier, The Night Cap (Philadelphia, 1788), 4.
2. RB, I, 87; Sean Shesgreen, Hogarth and the Times-of-the-Day Tradition (Ithaca, N.Y., 1983), 47.
3. Jan. 10,1694, East Anglian Diaries, 207, passim; John Holloway, ed., The Oxford Bock of Local Verses (Oxford, 1987), 15; Keith Thomas, "Work and Leisure in Pre-Industrial Society," PP 29 (1964), 50–62; Peter Burke, "The Invention of Leisure in Early Modem Europe," PP 146 (1995), 136–151; Joan-Lluis Marfany, "The Invention of Leisure in Early Modem Europe: Comment," PP 156 (1997), 174–192.
4. John Aubrey, Aubrey's Natural History of Wiltshire (1847; rpt. edn., New York, 1969), 11; Edward Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family (New York, 1975), 76.
5. Sept. 10,1758, Woodforde, Diary, TV, 226, passim; July 26,1761, Mar. 7,1758, Turner, Diary, 232,141, passim; ECR, passim.
6. Jan. 14, Mar. 14, Nov. 10, 15, 1624, Beck, Diary, 32, 61, 203, 206, passim; Jeroen Blaak, "Autobiographical Reading and Writing: The Diary of David Beck (1624)," in Rudolph Dekker, ed., Egodocuments and History: Autobiographical Writing in Its Social Context since the Middle Ages (Hilversum, 2002), 61–87.
7. Jan. 23,1662, June 5,1661, Pepys, Diary, III, 17, II, 115, passim.
8. Clare Williams, trans., Thomas Platter's Travels in England, 1599 (London, 1937), 189; Keith Wrightson, "Alehouses, Order and Reformation in Rural England, 1590–1660," in Eileen and Stephen Yeo, eds., Popular Culture and Class Conflict, 1590–1914: Explorations in the History of Labour and Leisure (Sussex, Eng., 1981), 10, passim; Burke, Popular Culture, 110; Peter Clark, The English Alehouse: A Social History (London, 1983), passim; Thomas Brennan, Public Drinking and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century Paris (Princeton, N. J., 1988); B. Ann Tlusty, Bacchus and Civic Order: The Culture of Drink in Early Modern Germany (Charlottesville, Va., 2001).