Африка. История и историки
Шрифт:
Peter Bloom analyse les origines et la signifcation d’une technique gymnastique tr`es particuli`ere, celle du parkour, connue dans les banlieues francaises sous le nom de Yamakasi, mot d’origine lingala signifant «un homme fort», qui incarne un condens'e d’arts martiaux asiatiques m^el'e `a des techniques de danse congolaise. Il part de facon int'eressante de l’infuence du cin'ema sur une invention culturelle de reconnaissance interne, puisque l’origine du parkourremonte au flm «Banlieue 13» (2004) qui pr^one une esth'etique african americande gansgta-rap. Il poursuit `a travers le cin'ema beur naissant l’'evocation de l’univers clos de la vie en grand ensemble. Mais j’avoue que m’interpelle quelque peu sa comparaison fl'ee du passage du camp de transit `a la conception du grand ensemble, `a partir du HLM de La Muette `a Drancy qui fut d'evolu au sinistre usage que l’on sait sous Vichy: y eut-il, `a partir du m^eme type de b^ati, m'etaphore apr`es-guerre de l’enfermement des Juifs destin'es `a ^etre d'eport'es, `a celui des pauvres transf'er'es des bidonvilles aux grands ensembles o`u ils se trouveraient aujourd’hui dans une situation quasi comparable? Il me semble que le cin'ema l’entra^ine un peu loin…
Enfn, Charles Tshimanga a raison d’insister sur les sp'ecifcit'es et les r'ev'elations du discours du rapfrancais: les paroles n’expriment pas seulement la contestation subversive trop rapidement qualif'ee de racisme anti-blanc. Elles permettent `a une cat'egorie sociale bien d'elimit'ee et discrimin'ee, celle des jeunes de banlieue, de transcender par la d'erision leurs dif'erences de race, d’ethnie, de religion, voire m^eme de classe pour exprimer leur engagement dans le d'ebat politique francais.
Accompagn'e de r'ef'erences pr'ecises en fn de chaque article et d’une solide bibliographie g'en'erale, d’un glossaire tr`es utile des termes dits
Приложение
Ведущие периодические издания, посвященные африканской истории
(составитель Л. В. Иванова)
Abstracts
A. B. Davidson
HISTORY IN AFRICA: PROBLEMS OF STUDY
This introductory article sums up the work that has already been done by Russian scholars and draws the outline of the new tasks that they now have to fulfil in order to understand the way history is studied and taught in Africa.
S. V. Mazov
HISTORICAL ISSUES IN THE WORKS BY J. E. CASELY HAYFORD
J. E. Casely Hayford is best known as a Gold Coast politician and journalist. His merits as a writer relates primarily to popularizing the ideas of Wilmot Blyden, the father of cultural nationalism in West Africa. Revealing Casely Hayford views on the African past and the role of Africans in the World History, the author argues that he deserves the right to be a distinctive thinker with his own vision of fundamental problems of the world.
N. G. Scherbakov
A HARD TREK: FROM THE HISTORY OF NEGROES TO THE HISTORY OF AFRICAN PEOPLES
Four centuries of trans-atlantic slave trade and more than one hundred years of the migration of Africans to the former metropolitan and other western countries formed a unique community – a large diaspora of the peoples of African origin. Among those who influenced the historical studies of African peoples most of all is the personality of William Edward B. Du Bois (1868–1963).We try to clarify in which way and when his understanding of Black History transferred from the history of Negroes to the history of African Peoples. The 15 years after the Manchester Pan-African congress show the best promise as Dr. Du Bois attached much importance and influenced greatly the development of African studies in the USSR. Through better understanding of newly independent states of Africa more and more historians realized the new character of Black History which became separated and from the late 50-s and on was developing as the history of Africans and Negroes, i.e. African-Americans.
A. V. Voevodsky
THE HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA AS SEEN BY AFRICAN INTELLECTUALS (1870s-1930s): SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF IDEAS ABOUT HISTORY
Historical views are the most important factor in the development of the ethnic self-consciousness. They have an impact not only on the methods of representation of the past, but also on the perception of the modern world. African intellectuals played an important role in the formation of the collective historical memory of Africans and in the understanding of their own past. Literature (historical prose) had a big influence on this process. African intellectuals saw their main mission in the restoring the historical justice and showing that African people of Southern Africa have not been deprived of greatness, that they were the creators of their history. However their writings were full of fiction and biased assessments in the interpretation of historical events. The first African historians became the authors of new historical myths, many of which are alive to the present time.