Английский язык с Джонатаном Свифтом. Путешествия Гулливера
Шрифт:
The King of Brobdingnag found the idea behind the House of Commons very hard to grasp (королю Бробдингнага было очень трудно понять принципы, лежащие в основе палаты общин: «идею /лежащую/ за палатой общин»; to grasp — схватывать, хватать; понять, схватить /основную идею/; осознать; постичь). Mightn't a person with a great deal of money be able (не случается ли, что человек, имеющий много денег, оказывается в состоянии; mightn't = might not выражает предположение) to persuade other people to vote for him (убедить других людей голосовать за него)? Why should people be so anxious (почему люди так страстно стремятся; why should — почему должен /некто что-л. делать/; с какой стати; anxious — озабоченный, беспокоящийся; стремящийся, страстно желающий /чего-л./) to become a member of this House (стать членом = членами этой палаты) when they got no payment for their job (если они не получают платы за свою работу)? Didn't I think (не
grasp [grRsp], persuade [pq'sweId], anxious ['xNkSqs]
The King of Brobdingnag found the idea behind the House of Commons very hard to grasp. Mightn't a person with a great deal of money be able to persuade other people to vote for him? Why should people be so anxious to become a member of this House when they got no payment for their job? Didn't I think they would try to act so as to be sure that their own money was carefully preserved? I cannot and will not repeat all the questions the King put to me on this point.
He had just as many questions about the Courts of Justice (столько же много = не меньше вопросов имел он /и/ касательно судов). He wanted to know whether the lawyers and judges who upheld the laws of the land had any part in making these laws (принимают ли какое-нибудь участие адвокаты и судьи, осуществляющие /на практике/ законы страны, в создании = составлении /самих/ этих законов; to uphold — поднимать; поддерживать, подпирать; сохранять, удерживать; поощрять, оказывать поддержку), whether they were rich or poor (богаты ли или бедны они = эти люди), were paid for giving their opinion (оплачиваются = получают ли они плату за свои советы; opinion — мнение; взгляд; убеждение; оценка, мнение, заключение специалиста) and whether they could ever become members of the House of Commons (и могут ли они становиться членами палаты общин).
lawyer ['lLjq], upheld [Ap'held], opinion [q'pInjqn]
He had just as many questions about the Courts of Justice. He wanted to know whether the lawyers and judges who upheld the laws of the land had any part in making these laws, whether they were rich or poor, were paid for giving their opinion and whether they could ever become members of the House of Commons.
When it came to his views on the Treasury (когда речь зашла о взглядах короля на казначейство: «когда дошло до его взглядов…»), the King thought my memory had failed me (он посчитал, что мне изменила память; to fail — подводить, не оправдать ожиданий) and that I must be mistaken (и что я, должно быть, ошибаюсь; to mistake — ошибаться; неправильно понимать; заблуждаться). I had said (/ведь/ я говорил) that five or six million were collected in taxes by the Treasury every year (что каждый год казначейством в виде налогов собирается пять или шесть миллионов). But when the different items I had mentioned were added together (но если сложить различные статьи /расходов/, о которых я упомянул; item — пункт, параграф; отдельный предмет; статья /в счете, бюджете/), the Treasury seemed to pay expenses that were the double of that amount (/то/ кажется = возникает впечатление, что казначейство оплачивает расходы, вдвое превышающие эту сумму; double — двойное количество). From whom did we borrow the money (у кого мы занимаем деньги)? And where did we find money to pay it back (и где мы находим деньги, чтобы их вернуть: «выплатить их обратно»)? He couldn't understand why we went to war so often (он не мог понять, почему мы так часто ведем войны; to go to war — идти на войну; вступать в войну; вести войну) when it cost so much money (если это стоит так дорого: «так много денег»).
His Majesty was completely amazed (был совершенно изумлен) by what I had told him of our history (тем, что я рассказал ему о нашей истории) over the last hundred years (за последнее столетие). It seemed to him (ему показалось = у него сложилось впечатление) that we were a people who fight (что мы являемся народом, который сражается/воюет), kill and hate (убивает и ненавидит) more than he had thought possible (больше, чем ему казалось возможным) and were more cruel and greedy (и /который/ более жесток и алчен) than he could have imagined (чем он мог себе вообразить).
memory ['mem(q)rI], double [dAbl], cruel ['krHql]
When it came to his views on the Treasury, the King thought my memory had failed me and that I must be mistaken. I had said that five or six million were collected in taxes by the Treasury every year. But when the different items I had mentioned were added together, the Treasury seemed to pay expenses that were the double of that amount. From whom did we borrow the money? And where did we find money to pay it back? He couldn't understand why we went to war so often when it cost so much money.
His Majesty was completely amazed by what I had told him of our history over the last hundred years. It seemed to him that we were a people who fight, kill and hate more than he had thought possible and were more cruel and greedy than he could have imagined.
The next time we spoke together (во
forget [fq'get], escape [I'skeIp], surface ['sWfIs]
The next time we spoke together His Majesty repeated his thoughts about all I had told him. I will never forget his words nor the way he spoke to me. He lifted me onto his hand and said, "My little friend Grildrig, you have made the most wonderful speeches about your country and it is clear that you love it very much indeed. You have spent so much of your life travelling, perhaps you have escaped many of the vices of your own people. From all the answers you have given me to my questions, I have the opinion that your people are the most horrible little insects that crawl upon the surface of this earth."
7
This part of my story is so painful to me (эта часть моей истории так неприятна для меня; painful — причиняющий боль, болезненный; мучительный, тягостный, неприятный) that I would not have told it at all (что я не рассказывал бы ее вовсе), if I weren't so fond of truth (если бы я не был так привержен истине; fond — испытывающий нежные чувства /к кому-л./; любящий /что-л./). I had answered all the King's questions as well as I could (я как можно лучше: «так хорошо, как мог», отвечал на все вопросы короля). I tried so hard with every answer I gave (каждым своим ответом я всячески: «так/чрезвычайно сильно» старался; hard — /наречие/ твердо, крепко; сильно, интенсивно; энергично; настойчиво, упорно) to present my country in a favourable light (представить мою страну/родину в благоприятном свете). Yet I failed (и все же мне не удалось; to fail to do smth. — не суметь, не быть в состоянии, оказаться неспособным сделать что-л.) to give the King of Brobdingnag any understanding of our ways of thinking (хотя бы отчасти объяснить королю Бробдингнага: «дать… какое-нибудь понимание» нашего образа мышления).
truth [trHT], favourable ['feIv(q)rqb(q)l], understanding ["Andq'stxndIN]
This part of my story is so painful to me that I would not have told it at all, if I weren't so fond of truth. I had answered all the King's questions as well as I could. I tried so hard with every answer I gave to present my country in a favourable light. Yet I failed to give the King of Brobdingnag any understanding of our ways of thinking.
However, a King who is so completely cut off from the rest of the world (однако = но, конечно, король, который совершенно отрезан от остального мира) will always think in a narrow-minded way (всегда будет мыслить узко/необъективно; mind — разум; мышление; narrow mind — узколобость; узость ума/мышления). It could never happen (такого никогда не могло бы случиться) in the more educated circles of European countries (в высокообразованных кругах европейских стран). But education suffers (но образованность /очень/ страдает) when nothing is known of the ways of other countries (/в условиях/ когда ничего неизвестно об образе жизни в других странах). What happened next (/то/ что произошло дальше) serves as an example of the King's poor education (служит примером плохой образованности короля) and proves my point (и доказывает/подтверждает мою точку зрения).