Как вести беседу по телефону
Шрифт:
На продвинутом этапе обучения нужно добиваться того, чтобы обучающиеся на основе приобретенного навыка и изученной терминологии и лексики самостоятельно составляли диалоги и свободно вели телефонные разговоры на любые предлагаемые темы.
— Фонетическая разметка диалога, чтение всего диалога преподавателем, чтение и запись на магнитофонную пленку отдельных предложений и всего диалога каждым обучающимся в отдельности с последующим воспроизведением
— Использование магнитофона: запись телефонного диалога на пленку двумя обучающимися и прослушивание записи, контрольная запись диалога в лицах с прослушиванием записи всей группой и тренировочная работа с магнитофоном дома.
— Использование лаборатории устной речи: разбивка обучающихся на собеседующие пары для тренировочной работы с телефонными диалогами без участия преподавателя; этот же вид работы с последующим подключением преподавателя с целью контроля; показательное прослушивание всей группой лучших собеседников.
— Разговор по внутреннему телефону: вызов преподавателем любого из обучающихся и разговор с ним как по заданию, так и на неподготовленную тему; на продвинутом этапе — разговор двух обучающихся из различных учебных групп; контрольный разговор преподавателя с любым из слушателей на неподготовленную тему.
Для того чтобы разговор приобрел более непринужденный и естественный характер, следует рекомендовать обучающимся разговаривать друг с другом на иностранном языке, используя для этого домашние телефоны.
PREFACE
Most of the important characteristics of telephone conversation are of course exactly the same as those of conversation which takes place face to face. There are, however, a number of differences which result from the medium of communication and the restrictions which it imposes. Conversationalists who can see each other are able to place a great amount of reliance on the facilities offered by such things as gesture and the presence of a common extra-linguistic context, to help in communication and the resolution of ambiguity. Telephone conversation, however, lacks these facilities to a large extent and so has a tendency to become rather more explicit than ordinary conversation.
The need for greater explicitness is further increased by the fact that sounds carried by telephone lines become diminished in their qualities of distinctiveness, and many of the small cues which help to maintain ready understanding may get distorted or lost. Thus there is more uncertainty in keeping up the give and take between participants which is so noticeable a part of face to face conversation. Utterances that are unduly long will be avoided and a speaker will tend to leave frequent pauses for his partner to say something and prove that he is still there.
Then, perhaps more often than in ordinary conversation, in telephone conversation there tends to be a set theme — people do not phone each other accidentally in the way that they may meet in the street and the information which is exchanged probably tends to be related more to a single identifiable purpose.
Finally, the highly formulaic nature of both the opening and closing of a telephone conversation may be noted — the range of accepted linguistic devices for carrying out these operations is relatively small as compared with conversation in general, the predictability of what is likely to be said at those points is probably considerably higher and the stylistic distinctiveness of what takes place is at times extremely marked.
I
TELEPHONE INSTRUCTIONS
I. When you make a call:
1. First check the code [1] (if any) and number.
2. Lift the receiver and listen for dialling tone (a continuous purring).
3. Dial carefully and allow the dial to return freely.
4. Then wait for another tone:
Ringing tone (burr-burr) the number is being called. The line is free.
1
code: a system of figures used to represent telephone numbers of the cities and countries which have been changed to all-figure numbers. A London all-figure number is 01-2222870. 01 is the code to be dialed if you make a call from telephones outside the London Area. But if you make a call in London you must dial only the last seven figures those after the hyphen.
For numbers in New York City dial: 0-01 212 followed by the last 7 digits of the number of the customer you require.
Engaged tone (a repeated single note) try again a few minutes later.
Number unobtainable tone (steady note) replace the receiver, recheck the code and number, and then redial.
5. At the end of the call, replace the receiver securely.
II. When you answer the telephone:
1. Always give your name or the name of the office or your telephone number.
2. If you hear a series of rapid pips, the call is coming from a coin-box telephone. Wait until the pips stop and then give your name or telephone number.
III. When you make a call from a coin-box telephone:
1. First drop a coin piece (or pieces) into the slot.
2. Lift the receiver and listen for dialling tone.
3. Dial your number.
4. On hearing ringing tone, which means that the line is free, wait until your call is answered.
IV. When you make a call from an extension phone:
1. Wait for the switchboard operator to say: “Number, please”, or “Switchboard operator”.
2. Give the number of the person you are calling.
The operator will either repeat your number to make sure she got it right, or just say: “Thank you” and try to put you through.
3. Wait until your call is answered.
You may use a telephone operated by a system known as STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling).
1. STD is quicker and cheaper, so dial as many of your calls as you can.