Стеклянная клетка. Автоматизация и мы

Карр Николас Дж.

Глава шестая. Мир и экран

1. William Edward Parry. Journal of a Second Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific. London: John Murray, 1824. Р. 277.

2. Claudio Aporta and Eric Higgs. Satellite Culture: Global Positioning Systems, Inuit Wayfinding, and the Need for a New Account of Technology // Current Anthropology 46, 2005. № 5. Р. 729–753.

3. Интервью Клаудио Апорты автору от 25 января 2012 года.

4. Gilly Leshed et al. In-Car GPS Navigation: Engagement with and Disengagement from the Environment.

В книге: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. N. Y.: ACM, 2008. Р. 1675–1684.

5. David Brooks. The Outsourced Brain // New York Times, 2007. October 26.

6. Julia Frankenstein et al. Is the Map in Our Head Oriented North? // Psychological Science 23. 2012. № 2. Р. 120–125.

7. Julia Frankenstein. Is GPS All in Our Heads? // New York Times, 2012. February 2.

8. Gary E. Burnett and Kate Lee. The Effect of Vehicle Navigation Systems on the Formation of Cognitive Maps. В книге: Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application / Ed. Geoffrey Underwood. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. Р. 407–418.

9. Elliot P. Fenech et al. The Effects of Acoustic Turn-by-Turn Navigation on Wayfinding // Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 54, 2010. № 23. Р. 1926–1930.

10. Toru Ishikawa et al. Wayfinding with a GPS-Based Mobile Navigation System: A Comparison with Maps and Direct Experience // Journal of Environmental Psychology 28, 2008. № 1. Р. 74–82; Stefan Mьnzer et al. Computer-Assisted Navigation and the Acquisition of Route and Survey Knowledge // Journal of Environmental Psychology 26, 2006. № 4. Р. 300–308.

11. Sara Hendren. The White Cane as Technology // Atlantic, 2013. November 6. UPL:theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/11/the-white-caneas-technology/281167/.

12. Tim Ingold. Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description. London: Routledge, 2011. Р. 149–152.

13. Цитируется по статье: James Fallows. The Places You’ll Go // Atlantic, 2013. January/February.

14. Ari N. Schulman. GPS and the End of the Road // New Atlantis, 2011. Spring.

15. John O’Keefe and Jonathan Dostrovsky. The Hippocampus as a Spatial Map: Preliminary Evidence from Unit Activity in the Freely-Moving Rat // Brain Research 34, 1971. Р. 171–175.

16. John O’Keefe. A Review of the Hippocampal Place Cells // Progress in Neurobiology 13, 2009. № 4. Р. 419–439.

17. Edvard I. Moser et al. Place Cells, Grid Cells, and the Brain’s Spatial Representation System // Annual Review of Neuroscience 31, 2008. Р. 69–89.

18. См. Christian F. Doeller et al. Evidence for Grid Cells in a Human Memory Network // Nature 463, 2010.

Р. 657–661; Nathaniel J. Killian et al. A Map of Visual Space in the Primate Entorhinal Cortex // Nature 491, 2012. Р. 761–764; Joshua Jacobs et al. Direct Recordings of Grid-Like Neuronal Activity in Human Spatial Navigation // Nature Neuroscience, 2013. August 4. UPL:nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.3466.html.

19. James Gorman. A Sense of Where You Are // New York Times, 2013. April 30.

20. Gy"orgy Buzs'aki and Edvard I. Moser. Memory, Navigation and Theta Rhythm in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal System // Nature Neuroscience 16, 2013. № 2. Р. 130–138. См. также: Neil Burgess et al. Memory for Events and Their Spatial Context: Models and Experiments. В книге: Episodic Memory: New Directions in Research / Eds. Alan Baddeley et al. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 2002. Р. 249–268. Представляется примечательным, что одна из самых мощных мнемонических методик, разработанная еще в античную эпоху, предусматривает ассоциацию ментальных образов событий или фактов с определенными местами в доме или в городе. Запоминание фактов облегчается, если их связывают с конкретными местами даже в воображении.

21. См., например: Jan M. Wiener et al. Maladaptive Bias for Extrahippocampal Navigation Strategies in Aging Humans // Journal of Neuroscience 33, 2013. № 14. Р. 6012–6017.

22. См., например: A. T. Du et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease // Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 71, 2001. Р. 441–447.

23. Kyoko Konishi and V'eronique D. Bohbot. Spatial Navigational Strategies Correlate with Gray Matter in the Hippocampus of Healthy Older Adults Tested in a Virtual Maze // Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 5, 2013. Р. 1–8.

24 Электронное письмо Вероники Бобо автору от 4 июня 2010 года.

25. Цитируется по статье: Alex Hutchinson. Global Impositioning Systems // Walrus, 2009. November.

26. Kyle VanHemert. 4 Reasons Why Apple’s iBeacon Is About to Disrupt Interaction Design // Wired, 2013. December 11. www.wired.com/ UPL:design/2013/12/4-use-cases-for-ibeacon-the-most-exciting-tech-youhavent-heard-of/.

27. Цитируется по книге: Fallows. Places You’ll Go.

28. Damon Lavrinc. Mercedes Is Testing Google Glass Integration, and It Actually Works // Wired, 2013. August 15. UPL:wired.com/autopia/2013/08/google-glass-mercedes-benz/.

29. William J. Mitchell. Foreword. В книге: Yehuda E. Kalay. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004. xi.

30. Anonymous. Interviews: Renzo Piano // Architectural Record, 2001. October. UPL:archrecord.construction.com/people/interviews/archives/0110piano.asp.