Стеклянная клетка. Автоматизация и мы
Шрифт:
23. См.: Saul N. Weingart et al. Physicians’ Decisions to Override Computerized Drug Alerts in Primary Care // Archives of Internal Medicine, 2003. November 24. Р. 2625–2631; Alissa L. Russ et al. Prescribers’ Interactions with Medication Alerts at the Point of Prescribing: A Multi-method, In Situ Investigation of the Human – Computer Interaction // International Journal of Medical Informatics 81, 2012. Р. 232–243;
M. Susan Ridgely and Michael D. Greenberg. Too Many Alerts, Too Much Liability: Sorting through the Malpractice Implications of Drug-Drug Interaction Clinical Decision Support // Saint
Louis University Journal of Health Law and Policy 5, 2012.
24. Atul Gawande. The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. N. Y.: Henry Holt, 2010. Р. 161–162.
25. Lown and Rodriguez. Lost in Translation?
26. Jerome Groopman. How Doctors Think. N. Y.: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. Р. 34–35.
27. Adam Smith. The Wealth of Nations. N. Y.: Modern Library, 2000. Р. 840.
28. Там же. Р. 4.
29. Frederick Winslow Taylor. The Principles of Scientific Management N. Y.: Harper & Brothers, 1913. Р. 11.
30. Там же. Р. 36.
31. Hannah Arendt. The Human Condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Р. 147.
32. Harry Braverman. Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. N. Y.: Monthly Review Press, 1998. Р. 307.
33. Краткий обзор дебатов по поводу книги Бравермана см.: Peter Meiksins. Labor and Monopoly Capital for the 1990s: A Review and Critique of the Labor Process Debate // Monthly Review. 1994. November.
34. James R. Bright. Automation and Management. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University, 1958. Р. 176–195.
35. Там же. Р. 188.
36. James R. Bright. The Relationship of Increasing Automation and Skill Requirements // Technology and the American Economy, Appendix II: The Employment Impact of Technological Change. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Р. 201–221.
37. George Dyson. Комментарии см. на: Edge.org, 2008. July 11. UPL:edge.org/dis course/carr_google.html#dysong.
38. Доходчивое объяснение принципов машинного обучения см. в шестой главе книги: John MacCormick’s. Nine Algorithms That Changed the Future: The Ingenious Ideas That Drive Today’s Computers. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
39. Max Raskin and Ilan Kolet. Wall Street Jobs Plunge as Profits Soar. Bloomberg News, 2013. April 23. UPL:bloomberg.com/news/2013–04–24/ wall-street-jobs-plunge-as-profits-soar-chart-of-the-day.html.
40. Ashwin Parameswaran. Explaining the Neglect of Doug Engelbart’s Vision: The Economic Irrelevance of Human Intelligence Augmentation // Macroresilience, 2013. July 8. UPL:macroresilience.com/2013/07/08/ explaining-the-neglect-of-doug-engelbarts-vision/.
41. См.: Daniel Martin Katz. Quantitative Legal Prediction – or – How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Start Preparing for the Data-Driven Future of the Legal Services Industry // Emory Law Journal 62, 2013. № 4.
42. Joseph Walker. Meet the New Boss: Big Data // Wall Street Journal, 2012. September 20.
43. Franco “Bifo” Berardi. The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Automation Los Angeles: Semiotext (e), 2009. Р. 96.
44. A. M. Turing. Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals // Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 45, 1939. № 2239. Р. 161–228.
45. Там же.
46 Hector J. Levesque. On Our Best Behaviour // Lecture delivered at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Beijing, China, 2013. August 8.
47. См.: Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. N. Y.: Random House, 2012. Р. 416–419.
48. Donald T. Campbell. Assessing the Impact of Planned Social Change // Occasional Paper Series. Public Affairs Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H. 1976. December. № 8.
49. Viktor Mayer-Schцnberger and Kenneth Cukier. Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Р. 166.
50. Kate Crawford. The Hidden Biases in Big Data // HBR Blog Network. 2013. April 1. UPL:hbr.org/cs/2013/04/the_hidden_biases_in_big_data.html.
51. В опубликованной в 1968 году статье Уид писал: «Надо серьезно относиться к возможности использования новых компьютеров, если применение их позволит дешевле, полнее и точнее получать и сохранять данные обследования, экономя дорогое время работы врача». Lawrence L. Weed. Medical Records That Guide and Teach // New England Journal of Medicine 278, 1968. Р. 593–600, 652–657.
52. Gary Klein. Evidence-Based Medicine // Edge. 2014. January 14. UPL:edge.org/responses/what-scientific-idea-is-ready-for-retirement.
53. Lee Jacobs. Interview with Lawrence Weed, MD – The Father of the Problem-Oriented Medical Record Looks Ahead // Permanente Journal. 2009. № 3. 2009. Р. 84–89.
54. Michael Oakeshott. Rationalism in Politics // Cambridge Journal 1. 1947. Р. 81–98, 145–157. Эссе было опубликовано в вышедшей в 1962 году книге Окшотта: Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays. N. Y.: 1962. Basic Books.