На исходе дня. История ночи
Шрифт:
22. July 16, 1784, Torrington, Diaries, 1, 174; James P. Horn, Adapting to a New World: English Society in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1994), 318–319. За день до приезда домой из путешествия Сайлас Невилл отправил записку с просьбой о том, чтобы его экономка со своей дочерью спали в эту ночь на его кровати, дабы «просушить» ее (Basil Cozens-Hardy, ed., The Diary of Sylas Neville, 1767–1788 [London, 1950], 162).
23. Carolyn Pouncy, ed., The "DomostroiRules for Russian Households in the Time of Ivan the Terrible (Ithaca, N. Y., 1994), 170; Anna Brzozowska-Krajka, Polish Traditional Folklore: The Magic of Time (Boulder, Colo, 1998), 119; PA, Mar. 20,1764.
24. Steven Bradwell, A Watch-man for the Pest… (London, 1625), 39; Oct. 20,1763, Frederick A Pottle, ed., Boswell in Holland 1763–1764 (New York, 1952), 49–50; Venner, Via Recta, 275; Israel Spach, Theses Medicae de Somno et Vigilia… (Strasburg, 1597).
25. Jon Cowans, ed., Early Modem Spain: A Documentary History (Philadelphia, 2003), 121; Alan Macfarlane, The Justice and the Mare's Ale: Law and Disorder in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1981), 56; John C. Fitzpatrick, ed., The Writings of George Washington… (Washington, D. C, 1931), 1, 17. Сведения о спальной одежде встречаются редко, однако см.: С. Willett and Phillis Cunnington, The History of Underclothes (London, 1951), 41–43, 52, 61; Almut Junker, Zur Geschichte der Unterw"asche 1700–1960: eine Ausstellung des Historischen Museums Frankfurt, 28 April bis 28 August 1988 (Frankfurt, 1988), 10–78; Norbert Elias, The Civilizing Process: The Development of Manners…, trans. Edmund Jephcott (New York, 1978), I, 164–165. Об отсутствии одежды у спящих см.: Edmond Cottinet, "La Nudit'e au Lit Selon Cathos et l'Histoire," Le Moli'eriste (April 1883), 20–25 (June 1883) 86–89; Dannednfeldt, "Renaissance Sleep," 426.
26. Randle Cotgrave, A Dictionaire of the French and English Tongues (London, 1611); Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions ofTristam Shandy, Gentleman (New York, 1950), 568; Sept. 22, 1660, Pepys, Diary, I, 251; Alison Weir, Henry VIII: The King and His Court (New York, 2001), 84.
27. The Queens Closet Opened… (London, 1661), 60–61,101–102; Aug. 11,1678, Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory, eds., An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel JeakeofRye, 1652–1699 (Oxford, 1988), 140; Christof Wirsung, Praxis Medicinae Universalis; or a Generali Practise of Phisicke… (London, 1598), 618.
28. Moryson, Itinerary, IV, 44; "T.C.," PL, Dec. 5, 1765. В книге «Celestina: A Novel in Dialogue», написанной Фернандо де Рохасом и опубликованной на английском языке в переводе Лесли Бёрд Симпсон (Berkeley, Calif., 1971), главный герой говорит о вине: «В зимнюю ночь нет лучше грелки. Если, перед тем как лечь спать, я выпиваю три небольших кувшина вина наподобие этих, я не чувствую холода в течение всей ночи» (104).
29. Bradwell, Watch-man, 38; "W," LC, Oct. 9, 1763; Henry G. Bohn, A Hand-book of Proverbs… (London, 1855), 28; May 25,1767, Cozens-Hardy, ed., Neville Diary, 8; Feb. 29,1756, Turner, Diary, 32.
30. Thomas Elyot, The Castel ofHelthe (London, 1539), fo. 46; Governai, In this Tretyse that Is Cleped Govemayle ofHelthe (New York, 1969); Bullein, Goveriment of Health, 90.
31. Sept. 29, 1661, Pepys, Diary, II, 186; East Anglian Diaries, 51; Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, 113–128; Francois Lebrun, "The Two Reformations: Communal Devotion and Personal Piety," in HPL III, 96–97. Упоминания о ночном «затворе» можно найти в кн.: Owen Feltham, Resolves (London, 1628), 406; Oct. 2, 1704, Cowper, Diary; Andrew Henderson, ed., Scottish Proverbs (Edinburgh, 1832), 48.
32. John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations…, ed. Emily Morison Beck et al. (Boston, 1980), 320; Whole Duty of Man, 388; Thomas Becon, The Early Works…, ed. John Ayre (Cambridge, 1843), 403.
33. Thankfull Remembrances of Gods Wonderful Deliverances… (n. p., 1628). См. также: July 18,1709, Cowper, Diary. Хорошо известна древняя корнуоллская молитва: «От вампиров, и призраков, и ползучих тварей, и от вещей, о которые можно удариться ночью, избавь нас, Милосердный Боже!» (Bartlett, Familiar Quotations, ed. Beck et al., 921).
34. Martine Segalen, Love and Power in the Peasant Family: Rural France in the Nineteenth Century, trans. Sarah Matthews (Chicago, 1983,124–125; Phillipe Martin, "Corps en Repos ou Corps en Danger? Le Sommeil dans les Livres de Pi'et'e (Second Moiti'e du XVIIIe Si`ecle)," Revue d'Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80 (2000), 253.
35. Gwyn Jones, comp., The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English (Oxford, 1977), 78; July 15,1705, Cowper, Diary; Gervase Markham, Countrey Contentments… (London, 1615), 31; William Lilly, A Groatsworth of Wit for a Penny; or, the Interpretation of Dreams (London, [1750?]), 18.
36. Cogan, Haven of Health, 235.
37. Harrison, Description, 200–201; Raffaella Sard, Europe at Home: Family and Material Culture, 1500–1800, trans. Allan Cameron (New Haven, 2002), 120; John E. Crowley, The Invention of Comfort: Sensibilities & Design in Early Modern Britain & Early America (Baltimore, 2001), 73–76; Anne Fillon, "Comme on Fait son Lit, on se Couche 300 Ans d'Histoire du Lit Villageois," in Populatiens et Cultures… Etudes R'eunies en l'Honneur de Francois Lebrun (Rennes, 1989), 153–161.
38. Stephanie Grauman Wolf, As Various as Their Land: The Everyday Lives of Eighteenth-Century Americans (New York, 1993), 66; Carole Shammas, "The Domestic Environment in Early Modem England and America," JSH14 (1990), 169,158; Dannenfeldt, "Renaissance Sleep," 426 n. 31; Crowley, Comfort, passim; F. G. Emmison, Elizabethan Life: Home, Work & Land (Chelmsford, Eng., 1976), 12–15; Roche, Consumption, 182–185.